Journal articles: 'Financial Executives Institute' – Grafiati (2024)

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The beginning of controlling dates back to XIII century, when first in France and also at the English court have been employed so called Controllers. While in the USA in XVIII century Comptroller s had the role to keep in balance the state budget and the use of states assets. In this way in 1931 "Controllers Institute of America,, was established, which later had changed his name to: Financial Executive Institute, (FEI). FEI is today, preeminent professional association for senior level financial executives, consisting of 15.000 members, 1500 from them are Controllers. In the Europe the controlling had played serious role since 1970. Controlling can shortly defined as a process of navigation for the economic purpose. Further we make a distinctions from definitions which define controlling as an institution and a function, depending on implementation of controlling which had to be centralized or decentralized. In our economic theory in last years began to talk about control, which is usually used in the organizational part of finance department called planning and analysis, earlier, planning and control (now). Today's philosophy of the enterprise is to analyze facts which have happened, controlling first of all has a duty to solve a problem by the analyzing of current situation and to give certain proposal for the future. The main purpose in implementation of the controlling in our firms had to be its independence from other departments which guides to problem solving and proposals to better and the rational business making.

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In 1996, a major financial reporting controversy emerged, escalated, and was resolved without substantial exposure or a formal due process. Specifically, a committee of the Financial Executives Institute (FEI) sent a letter to the chair of the Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF) asserting that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) “process is broken and in need of substantive repair.” When Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Chair Arthur Levitt determined that neither FAF nor public accounting leaders were dealing with the FEI proposals to his satisfaction, he acted to defeat this perceived threat to FASB's independence, focusing on the composition of the FAF. In response, the FAF trustees resisted because they viewed his intervention as a threat to FASB's independence. When the trustees did not voluntarily change, Levitt proposed reconsidering Accounting Series Release No. 150, which designates FASB as the sole source of GAAP for SEC filings. Eventually, Levitt prevailed. This paper describes this intervention as a case of policy making without a formal due process and adds to the already weighty evidence that accounting standards are political.

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Purpose This report by the IBM Institute for Business Value, part of long-term study of C-suite executives, probes the perspectives of the 818 CEOs to find out what they think the future will bring and how they’re positioning their organizations to prosper in the “age of disruption.” Design/methodology/approach The report also focuses specifically on what a subset of the 818 – CEOs of the most successful enterprises surveyed – do differently. Findings IBM analysis identified a small group of organizations that have both a strong reputation as leading innovators and an outstanding financial track record. Lead by so-called Torchbearer CEOs the firms are exploring opportunities to leverage emerging technologies and ecosystems to pursue entirely new revenue streams and models. Practical implications CEOs recognize the confluence of technologies magnifies their impact across markets and economies. Emerging technologies intersect and combine in new and different ways, enabling enterprises to redefine how they engage with their customers and partners. Originality/value Two-thirds of executives surveyed plan to reassess their strategic direction and explore the potential for novel, non-traditional forms of growth. They’re actively pursuing opportunities to play a new or different role in the ecosystems they inhabit.

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According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 1999, p. 1), “Medical errors can be defined as the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim.” The current health care culture is disjointed, as evidenced by a lack of consistent reporting standards for all providers; provider licensing pays little attention to errors, and there are no financial incentives to improve safety (IOM, 1999). Many errors in health care are preventable. “Near misses” and adverse events that do occur can offer insight on how to improve practice and prevent future events. The aim of this article is to better understand underreporting of errors in health care, to present a model of change that increases voluntary error reporting, and to discuss the role nurse executives play in creating a culture of safety. This article explores how high reliability organizations such as aviation improve safety through enhanced error reporting, culture change, and teamwork.

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Purpose Executives surveyed by the IBM Institute for Business Value indicated that they are dramatically accelerating their company’s digital transformation during the pandemic. And fully two-thirds said that the pandemic has allowed them to advance specific transformation initiatives that previously had encountered resistance. Design/methodology/approach To better guide others seeking to make the transformation, the researchers looked at which technologies make a difference between high performing and struggling businesses in this period of extraordinary change and challenges. Findings The “technology mix” recipe for success is changing. Increasingly, cloud and AI are becoming performance differentiators. Not only does technology adoption vary greatly across industries, but the relationship between technology adoption and financial performance varied significantly among industries. Practical implications Cloud has become a more important contributor to revenue performance during the pandemic in 11 of the industries analyzed Originality/value Tech-savvy organizations outperformed their peers in revenue growth across the 12 industries where technology acted as a performance differentiator.

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ABSTRACT The capital market is supplied with information daily, but when this is made available in an incomprehensible way, it becomes a potential barrier to investment. In order to overcome this shortcoming, constantly improved regulations intensify the need for more and better information. In the managerial context, empirical studies indicate that there is a low level of use of modern Management Accounting tools; however, on a theoretical level, Accounting Theory prescribes that Accounting must effectively meet the needs of its external and internal users. It is thus believed that not only financial but also management information would be apparent in its reports. This investigation aims to verify whether there are differences with regards to the level of reporting of management control practices in the financial statements of companies nominated for the Transparency Award, organized by the National Association of Finance, Administration, and Accounting Executives (ANEFAC), the Accounting, Actuarial, and Financial Research Institute (FIPECAFI) and Serasa Experian, compared with the other companies listed on the São Paulo Stock, Commodities, and Futures Exchange (BM&FBOVESPA). These elements were defined based on a discourse analysis of Management Reports (MRs) and the evidence was tested using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. The sample consists of 19 MRs from publicly-traded companies that were nominated for the Transparency Trophy and 129 MRs from companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA. The findings show that the companies nominated for the award have some special informational categories in the discourses of their MRs and that these elements are not enough to show differences in the level of transparency of management control practices.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between internal audit function (IAF) characteristics and organizational variables and IAF’s self-investigation about fraud and irregularities (SIFI) in the French context. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses the responses of 96 chief audit executives (CAEs) to a global survey of the internal auditing profession carried out by the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation (IIARF) in 2010. A logistic regression model is used to determine factors influencing IAF’s SIFI. Findings The authors’ findings reveal that IAF’s SIFI is positively correlated to independence and objectivity, the number of activities performed by the function, adoption of a systematic approach to evaluate the effectiveness of risk management and the size of the company. Research limitations/implications This study examines the factors associated only to IAF’s investigation rather than assessment of the risk of fraud. It remains for future research to analyze determinants those related to internal auditors’ approaches when they evaluate the risk of fraud. Practical implications The findings have implications for CAEs who wish to improve the IAF’s ability to investigate fraud. Originality/value Even if the IIA has stipulated since 2009 that internal auditors must have knowledge to evaluate the risk of fraud, no disclosure requirement exists, in France, for IAF or its charter. The areas of research related to internal audit behavior in relation to fraud concern fraud risk investigation of financial fraud and management/employee misconduct.

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The Islamic banking system is attaining enormous development. Several modern international conventional banks were also enchanting significant concern and starting Islamic banking branches in their organizations, which work in compliance with the specific Islamic Shariah principles in a number of states of Pakistan. The Islamic banking structure is bizarrely facing gigantic contest by the Islamic banking sector all over the world as well as from the well-known International commercial banks that hold out services and products of IB. It is an attempt for exploration and investigation of the extensive and essential factors, which persuade consumers to choose the Islamic banking or conventional banking and the function of demographic features, which track consumers to the assortment of IB or CB in Pakistan. Sample of 341 respondents has been used in this study mainly focused on non-probability convenience test tool. Pre-institute 5 point likert survey instrument ranging from 5 to 1 was applied to gather data. The conclusion reveals that there are countless factors other than religious perception like employee and customer interactions, convenience, reputation, financial benefits & services, and technology, which are fundamental for the consumers for the assortment of Islamic or conventional banking. The demographic characteristics of the respondents also have a significant impact. The authors expect that the crux of this study will explore new ways for the Islamic banking system to emphasis on specific emerging factors to enhance the efficiency and performance of the Islamic banking system in Pakistan. There will be enormous advantage for executives of IBs & CBs in developing marketing approach.

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This article seeks to review the Australian healthcare system and compare it to similar systems in other countries to highlight the main issues and problems. A literature search for articles relating to the Australian and other developed countries’ healthcare systems was conducted by using Google and the library of Victoria University, Melbourne. Data from the websites of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, the Australian Productivity Commission, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Bank have also been used. Although care within the Australian healthcare system is among the best in the world, there is a need to change the paradigm currently being used to measure the outcomes and allocate resources. The Australian healthcare system is potentially dealing with two main problems: (a) resource allocation, and (b) performance and patient outcomes improvements. An interdisciplinary research approach in the areas of performance measurement, quality and patient outcomes improvement could be adopted to discover new insights, by using the policy implementation error/efficiency and bureaucratic capacity. Hospital managers, executives and healthcare management practitioners could use an interdisciplinary approach to design new performance measurement models, in which financial performance, quality, healthcare and patient outcomes are blended in, for resource allocation and performance improvement. This article recommends that public policy implementation error and the bureaucratic capacity models be applied to healthcare to optimise the outcomes for the healthcare system in Australia. In addition, it highlights the need for evaluation of the current reimbursem*nt method, freedom of choice to patients and a regular scrutiny of the appropriateness of care.

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Purpose To explain the fraud schemes known as business email compromise (BEC) and executive impersonation that are growing in popularity, and the threat they pose to financial institutions. Design/methodology/approach This article explains BEC and executive impersonation and how they are carried out, and discusses how regulations and practical operational steps are trying to address this fraud issue. Findings Financial institutions should understand the potential for legal and regulatory risks posed by BEC and executive impersonation, and consider taking steps to create a proactive, culture of skepticism and heightened awareness to combat this type of fraud. Originality/value This article is adapted from the original report issued by the American Institute of CPAs and has been updated to address specifics concerning financial institutions.

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This is a substantially revised version of the paper presented to the Symposium on Asian Economic Integration organized by Nanyang Technology University in Singapore, 4–5 September 2008. The author is grateful to Teresa Carpenter for providing comments on an earlier version and to Pradumna B. Rana for encouraging him to update the paper with the discussion of recent international financial architecture reforms in response to the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. He also acknowledges competent editorial assistance by Barnard Helman. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the paper are entirely those of the author alone and do not necessarily represent the views of the Asian Development Bank, its Institute, its executive directors, or the countries they represent.

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Dr. Judy Voress is the former periodicals director of PRO-ED; is Executive Director and a member of the Board of Directors of the Hammill Institute on Disabilities; and currently serves as President and a Trustee of the Donald D. Hammill Foundation, a philanthropic organization focused on improving the quality of life for individuals with disabilities, the elderly, and those with financial challenges. Her professional background also includes time spent as a special education teacher, university assistant professor, associate journal editor, adjunct university professor, and author of educational tests and materials.

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Subject area Corporate social responsibility, specifically nonprofit business collaborations from a nonprofit’s perspective. Study level/applicability Graduate level programs in nonprofit management, corporate social responsibility and development management; it can also be used for executive education. Case overview Social enterprises and nonprofits at present increasingly look to corporate firms for grant funds to finance their activities and assets. This case features the experiences of one of the largest nonprofit eye care providers in India, LV Prasad Eye Institute based in Hyderabad in accessing corporate financial support in the form of corporate social responsibility funding. The case deals with the organization challenges, stresses and strains that arise in a nonprofit–corporate partnership. Specifically, it focuses on the strategic and operational challenges that emerge from the partnerships. The partnerships reviewed in the case pertain to rehabilitation. Expected learning outcomes After solving the case, the participants will be able to understand the stages in developing collaborations between nonprofits and businesses for corporate social responsibility. They will also be able to understand the internal implications for nonprofits operations and strategy from such collaborations. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS11: Strategy.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of internal audit (IA) compliance with the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (ISPPIA) on financial reporting quality (FRQ). Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered from 142 chief audit executive from Saudi listed companies, and also from the annual reports of the participating companies. Two proxies are used to measure FRQ, namely, discretionary accruals and accruals quality. Findings The findings reveal that companies demonstrating higher IA compliance with standards have better FRQ. They also indicate that the interaction between IA competency and its compliance with standards has an impact on FRQ. Further, the findings provide evidence that FRQ is higher in companies where IA departments have formal documentation, that is, entirely consistent with the ISPPIA. These results retain their robustness after further analysis. Originality/value In offering these findings, the paper contributes to the existing IA literature by introducing evidence from a Middle Eastern context, namely, Saudi Arabia, of the link between IA compliance with the ISPPIA and FRQ. It confirms the role of IA in FRQ, and hence, as an element of corporate governance, information, which is valuable for both the institute of internal auditors and companies.

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Abstract This paper presents baseline results from a longitudinal study funded by National Institute on Aging examining financial exploitation (FE) among 720 White, African-American, and Hispanic adults age 60 and older. Our proposed conceptual model links socio-demographics, cognitive function, financial skills, and psychosocial factors to both scam exposure and vulnerability, which increases risk for experienced FE. This paper focuses on correlates of scam vulnerability, using a novel measure in which participants read six randomly ordered “scam” scenarios (investment opportunity; Medicare phishing and prescription drug fraud; health product; sweepstakes; telemarketing) and provide credibility ratings for each (1 = Not at all credible; 10 = Extremely credible). Ratings are coded “0” (credibility rating 1); “1” (ratings 2-4); “2” (ratings 5-10) and summed, with total “vulnerability” scores ranging from 0-12. Preliminary results from ~500 participants (Mean age = 73.6) show support for the proposed model. Older adults with poorer cognitive function in multiple domains (memory; reasoning ability; processing speed; other aspects of executive function; and crystallized intelligence); lower financial literacy; lower numeracy; those reporting difficulty with day-to-day financial management; and those performing worse on web-based banking skills tests were more vulnerable to scams. Scam vulnerability was a also higher among those with lower social integration; higher social isolation and loneliness; higher impulsivity; and higher ratings of depression. Use of “scam scenario” credibility ratings shows promise as a simple assessment approach for FE vulnerability. Understanding multiple pathways to FE is important to advance theory and for development of interventions to minimize risk among older adults.

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This year has been a memorable one for the Council for Learning Disabilities (CLD). Several important innovations are worth highlighting. First, many of the organization's operational procedures have been streamlined. Second, plans are under way to maximize the return on monies in the treasury. Third, an Executive Secretary has been hired to facilitate operations and to provide easy and consistent access to the organization and its leadership. Fourth, several changes have been instituted with respect to the formation of state/province and local chapters. Fifth, improvements have been made in both the financial and editorial policies governing CLD's publications. Finally, a concerted effort to provide leadership on substantive issues facing the field has led to the approval of two new position papers generated by the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD) and the development of several CLD-initiated projects.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which an Audit Committee (AC)’s own governance characteristics impact on its role effectiveness in achieving enhanced resourcing and by extension, improved the scope and quality of the Internal Audit Function (IAF). Sample is drawn from top 300 companies listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). This study combines data from a questionnaire administered to the Internal Audit Executive (IAE) with information from annual reports and financial databases. Hypotheses are developed and tested using multiple regression analysis. This analysis is supplemented by insights from a comparative case study for two companies in the sample. Results reveal that AC size is significantly positively related to the financial resources (budget) allocated to IAF, while both AC financial expertise and AC size are significantly positively related to IAF labour hours. Results also confirm that IAF’s with higher resourcing are able to concentrate those resources on areas expected of a high quality IAF. Further, comparative case study analysis gives insights to the superior ways a larger size AC can be effective in fulfilling its oversight role, building its working relationships and obtaining resources for the IAF. Study contributes to current auditing-related governance literature by introducing a comprehensive empirical model of AC effectiveness in facilitating the scope and quality of the IAF’s work. Also, the findings have implications for regulators and the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) in terms of the composition and functioning of ACs.

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This paper examines the impact on dividend payouts of internal and external monitoring measures instituted by companies to improve their corporate governance structures. The study involves 120 selected Malaysian listed companies over a four-year period from 1996 to 1999. This period encompassed the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis which affected most countries in the Southeast Asian region including Malaysia. Due to the combination of cross-sectional and time-series data, panel data regression techniques were used to analyse performance of the firms using both fixed effects and random effects models. Using dividend payout as the dependent variable, it was established that the size of firm, gearing ratio (borrowing) and the proportion of non-executive directors on a company board significantly influenced the dividend payout of firms. The impact of size on dividend payout of firms followed a quadratic fashion with payout increasing with the size of the firm up to the optimal size of around 11,321 million ringgit, in terms of turnover. Beyond that, firm‟s dividend payout declined with increasing size. The study also found that company borrowing had a negative effect on dividend payout. Finally, increasing the proportion of non-executive directors in a firm could lead to a decrease in dividend payout.

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We are proud to present the fifth volume of Culture Unbound: Journal of Current Cultural Research. This time we have some important news to share. First, the journal’s scholarly success has been financially rewarded, in that Culture Unbound has received two different publishing grants: one from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet) and the other from the Joint Committee for Nordic Research Councils for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NOS-HS). Together these two grants cover most of the costs for Martin Fredriksson’s work as executive editor, which forms the core of our rather minimal costs. The remaining expenses are covered by our three collaborating host institutions at Linköping University: the Advanced Cultural Studies Institute of Sweden (ACSIS), the Department of Culture Studies (Tema Q) and the Swedish Cultural Policy Research Observatory (SweCult).

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This study discusses whether challenges, barriers, and key factors are the readiness of Indonesian Textile and Clothing (TC) firm in adopting Industry 4.0 (I4.0). The research method is by distributing questionnaires with closed questions to TC employees and owners firm. Respondents were given 15 barriers factors of adoption of I4.0 and gave weight with Likert scale method based on the situation in their company. The survey results were then tested by 2 experts from TC company executives and senior researchers from research institutes. The results of the study show that there are 5 major Barrier Factors with an average value of ≥ 4.0 ("Strongly Agree"): 1. High investments, 2. Lack of digital culture and training, 3. Lack of digital infrastructure, 4. Lack of Government regulation and support, 5. Ineffective Change Management. The key to the company's readiness to adopt I4.0 is not limited to only reducing the five barriers above, but requires two prerequisites so that the company has the financial capacity to invest in I4.0 namely; 1. Enlarge profit margins 2. Form a business ecosystem and innovation. This study is one of the first to find out the barriers of Indonesian TC companies in the implementation of I4.0. From the TOE Framework approach, this study highlights the difficulties in the diffusion of technological innovations resulting from the weak execution of national policies on I4.0 (environmental elements). The results of this study can help TC decision makers and practitioners pave the way for the successful implementation of I4.0.

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The response of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) to the COVID-19 pandemic was vigorous and effective because it had mature programs in surgical quality and health policy and advocacy, the legacy of decades of work by its officers and leaders and its current executive director, David Hoyt. Hoyt had the foresight to institute a digital communications platform upon which the College collected data for its clinical programs and conducted many of its meetings. Through internet portals, online communities, and social media it broadcasted news and information to the membership. When the global COVID-19 pandemic struck, the College was able to quickly mobilize its leaders and scientific experts to disseminate credible information, recommend protocols to maintain patient and provider safety in operating room environments, provide a rational scheme of prioritization of urgent surgical operations, and a sensible means of resumption of normal surgical practice. As the financial impact of the outbreak on surgical practice became apparent, the ACS represented the interests of surgeons in the White House, Capitol, federal agencies, and governors’ mansions and statehouses. In an interview by Steven Wexner, a member of the ACS Board of Regents, Hoyt described the response of the ACS to an unprecedented threat to the surgical care of patients in the country and the world. His story demonstrates the legacy of credibility and professionalism built by decades of principled leadership of generations of officers and Regents of the College, and his own example of effective leadership in crisis.

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Subject area Financial Accounting and Corporate Finance. Study level/applicability Undergraduate, Post Graduate and Executive Education. Case overview T.A. Pai Management Institute (TAPMI), a leading B School in South India had established its new campus in Badagabettu village, about 5 km away from Manipal, Udupi District, Karnataka. Though the campus housed about a thousand inmates, comprising students, staff and faculty members, a proper public transport system did not develop commensurate with other facilities. The TAPMI administration was flooded with requests from various stakeholders to find a solution to this vexed problem. The Dean Administration had three options before him namely convincing the existing private bus operator to run a new bus en route TAPMI, TAPMI purchases the bus by either paying cash or availing loan from a bank or TAPMI can take a bus on lease. The predicament before Dean was to find out the most economically viable solution. Expected learning outcomes At the end of this case discussion, the participants will be able to: understand the application of breakeven analysis; prepare income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement and forecast of cash flows; evaluate financing and investing decisions by using various techniques; discuss and debate the different alternatives available to the organization. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

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In recent years, technical means of perimeter security are becoming more widespread, which is due to their increasing efficiency of protection from unauthorized access by intruders to protected facilities. The high competition of manufacturers of such means has led to the emergence of a variety of technical solutions for detection means (hereinafter referred to as DT) operating on different physical principles and designed to solve specific problems. The main purpose of the DT is to ensure the detection of the facts of intruders' penetration through the guarded obstacle. Considering that the methods of intruders' penetration are varied (destruction of fences, climbing over the fence, digging under the fence, etc.), the creation of an effective security system using only one type of DT is a problematic task. At the same time, the autonomous use of many types of DT leads to the fact that there will be a large number of technical means in the duty room, which increase not only the time and financial costs for their maintenance, but also increase the requirements for the competence of the duty personnel. Research Institute of Electronic Computers has developed the complex VM 8018, designed to automate the process of protecting extended perimeters of objects for various purposes, including sections of the state border, perimeters and premises of outposts, extendedperimeters of industrial and military facilities, as well as controlling executive devices (electric drives for gates and gates, lighting etc.), video surveillance.

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Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s president Mr. Jin Liqun shares with JIPD Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Gu Qingyang, his passion for infrastructure finance, as he reflects upon his goal of steering an environmentally friend and corruption-free AIIB toward building social-impacting infrastructure across Asia.From governmental departments to international financial institutes, Mr. Jin Liqun has undertaken almost every essential role in finance. With his vast experience across the private and public sectors, particularly in multilateral development banks, Mr. Jin Liqun currently serves as Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)’s first President since its founding in 2016, following a stint as Secretary-General of the Multilateral Interim Secretariat created to establish the bank. Beginning from his two decades of governmental experience at the Chinese Ministry of Finance, rising from the rank of Deputy Director General to Vice Minister, Mr. Jin was then called to serve as Vice President, and then Ranking Vice President, of the Asian Development Bank, and later as Alternate Executive Director for China at the World Bank and at the Global Environment Facility. Mr. Jin had also served as Chairman of China International Capital Corporation Ltd., China’s first joint-venture investment bank, in addition to serving as Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation and as Chairman of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds.

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ABSTRACT Background: The incidence of long-term survival in glioblastoma (GBM), i.e., >3 years, ranges from 3% to 5%. Although extensive research is performed in novel therapies for prolonging survival, there is a scarcity of research focusing on the impact of tumor and treatment on cognitive, psychological, and social status of survivors. This study is an attempt to look into this poorly addressed important issue. Materials and Methods: Nine patients (six adults and three children) with GBM who had survived >3 years were included in the study. The quality of life (QOL) functions were assessed with the World Health Organization QOL Questionnaire BREF questionnaire. The neuropsychological assessment was done using the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences neuropsychology battery for adults and children. The scores were compared with normative data. Results: The physical and psychological health-related QOL of long-term GBM survivors were affected considerably due to fatigue, poor quality of sleep, inability to concentrate, presence of depression, financial burden with impaired personal and social relationships (P < 0.05). Different domains of cognitions such as motor speed (P = 0.0173), mental speed (P = 0.0022), sustained attention (P = 0.0001), long-term memory (P = 0.0431), mental flexibility (P < 0.05), and planning and executive functions (P < 0.05) were significantly impaired affecting personal, social, and professional lives. Conclusion: The health-related QOL and cognition are significantly impaired in GBM long-term survivors. As the incidence of long-term survival is very less, there is a need for larger multicenter studies to come up with definitive results, which in turn can help in formatting the rehabilitative and support programs for these patients.

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Banking is an institution that is vulnerable to risks related to money. The banking position as a mediator that connects those with surplus and financial deficits, banks must maintain good relations with the two parties. Banking decisions must be moderate, namely considering the desires of both parties because without the two parties, banking activities are not running. But if you are not careful in disbursing loans, bad credit will occur, then to protect the money disbursed, the debtor must provide collateral to the bank. This paper is a normative legal research that is research aimed at written regulations relating to the procedure for carrying out fiduciary collateral for collateral in the form of inventory and trade receivables according to Fiduciary Law Number 42 of 1999, and the legal consequences if the collateral is in the form of inventory the goods and receivables are not processed by loading fiduciary and registering them to the Fiduciary Registration Office. In the implementation of Fiduciary Collateral Imposition, especially collateral for credit in the form of goods and trade receivables, as determined by law, by registering the Fiduciary Deed of Registration with the Fiduciary Registration Office - Ministry of Law and Human Rights. For collateral for loans financed by banks, the Actions made under the hand or Notarial but not registered with the Fiduciary Deed of Registration at the Fiduciary Security Registration Office, do not get preferential rights and an executorial right guaranteed by the Fiduciary Guarantee Institute, and the Fiduciary Guarantee Agreement is only in the form of a Fiduciary Deed Registration Office. under the hand that has no executive power

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The article considers the issues of changing accents and cultural transformation in Ukraine, Great Britain and other European countries. In recent years, Ukraine has seen an active revival in the cultural sphere. From publishing to music, from film production to theater, from fashion to curatorial exhibitions – the Ukrainian cultural environment has become bold, diverse and large-scale. Euromaidan has given impetus to a powerful wave of cultural activism: from discussion platforms to spontaneous exhibitions, from urban regeneration projects to volunteer groups seeking to protect dilapidated national heritage sites. The impetus for it was the dynamism of the Ukrainian creative community. And further development became possible thanks to the support of new state cultural institutions. These institutes emerged after Euromaidan, such as the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation, the Ukrainian Book Institute, and the Ukrainian Institute. Institutions with a long history, such as the State Agency of Ukraine for Cinema, have strengthened their positions. The creation of these new institutions marked the departure from the post-Soviet system of cultural management. And the transition to a consistent and comprehensive cultural policy. The main thing is that the creation of a new system of culture in Ukraine has helped to bridge the gap between the state and cultural activists and the creative sector. One of the most important problems of the cultural sector in Ukraine for the last 25 years is funding. This problem is also relevant for the United Kingdom. But when it comes to finding resources for artists and cultural institutions, British policy has a respectable tradition and a number of successful answers. Support for the arts by both the state and business seems to be a matter of course for the British. At the same time, the idea of the self-worth of art is also supported by the idea of its social significance, as well as the perception of art as a primary source of creativity, innovative development, creative industry. The relationship between the European Union and the society of Ukraine is already yielding some results in the context of ensuring the democratic and European development of the state. For the successful implementation of European integration in Ukraine, it is necessary to apply such mechanisms that will ensure coordinated management of social processes of the state in the direction of European integration. The main mechanism is cultural policy, which should be aimed at regulating the regulatory framework. And the application of regulations in practice. This will allow culture to take a leading position on the path to national modernization. Legislation should be a mechanism for achieving goals, and the main thing should remain that the person should be at the center of cultural policy of the state. Given the experience of the United Kingdom, the formation of Ukraine's cultural policy should be based on the idea of the all-encompassing impact of culture on modern society. Accordingly, such a policy, being aimed at the cultural sector, effectively affects all spheres of public life. Consistent support for culture at the financial and fiscal, legislative and executive, national and local levels should, above all, be based on an awareness of the value of culture. Culture enriches people's lives, changes their worldview and inspires creativity. In the social dimension, its impact has the most significant impact on education, health and cohesion.

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Introduction. The modern stage of economic transformations on the basis of the introduction of regional development models requires the use of innovative approaches to reforming the economy of the regions. An innovative approach can be implemented within the framework of all possible regional development models, which need to be established and implemented, taking into account the needs of specific regions and territories. Purpose. The article aims to substantiate the institutional aspects of formation of economic growth model of the Black Sea region. Results. It has been established that conceptual and strategic reference points of the development of the Black Sea region should take into account the features of its structural components, including economic and social components, environment and spatial regional development. The economic and social components cause a logical change in the characteristics of material and ideal regional objects. The environment covers living and inanimate objects existing in and around the region, including natural and altered human objects. Spatial regional development is a multidimensional process that integrates various forms of combining individual components of regional development. On the basis of our research, we have created the author's institutional model of economic growth in the Black Sea region. The purpose of institutionalization is the development of self-sufficient regional civil society institutes, the formation of competitive territorial communities and the strengthening of the vertical of the executive branch. The realization of this goal is based on the main strategic resources inherent in each particular region. On their basis, while using the principles of economy modernisation and the economy decentralisation of financial activities of the region, we can try to reach the planned results.

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14142 Background: In October 2006, the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) announced the launch of a major public-private biomedical research partnership, The Biomarkers Consortium, to search for and validate new biological markers-biomarkers- to accelerate dramatically the delivery of successful new technologies, medicines, and therapies for prevention, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. The Foundation for NIH is managing The Biomarkers Consortium under direction of the consortium executive committee, with guidance from leading scientists within and outside the member organizations, plus input from a public representative and private industry and non-profit funding partners. FNIH, CMS, FDA, NIH, and the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, diagnostics, and medical device industries recognize the critical need for a coordinated cross-sector partnership effort to more rapidly identify and qualify biomarkers to support basic and translational research, guide clinical practice and, ultimately, support the development of safe and effective medicines and treatments for a wide range of diseases. The Biomarkers Consortium will harmonize approaches to identifying viable biomarkers, verifying their individual value, and formalizing their use in research and regulatory approval. Information and results from consortium projects will be used broadly by researchers to promote the appropriate use of biomarkers to improve the public health worldwide. Methods: N/A Results: Promising project concepts that have been approved in principle for further development by The Biomarkers Consortium include the Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) Lung Cancer and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Projects and projects in metabolic disorders and neuroscience. Steering Committees in cancer, metabolic disorders, and neuroscience have been created to evaluate and develop project concepts approved for further development. Conclusions: The Biomarkers Consortium is an important avenue to facilitate the search and validation of a variety of biomarkers projects. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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BackgroundThe 2008 economic recession was associated with an increase in suicide internationally. Studies have focused on the impact in the general population with little consideration of the effect on people with a mental illness.AimsTo investigate suicide trends related to the recession in mental health patients in England.MethodUsing regression models, we studied suicide trends in mental health patients in England before, during and after the recession and examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients. We used data from the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Safety in Mental Health, a national data-set of all suicide deaths in the UK that includes detailed clinical information on those seen by services in the last 12 months before death.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2016, there were 21 224 suicide deaths by patients aged 16 or over. For male patients, following a steady fall of 0.5% per quarter before the recession (quarterly percent change (QPC) 2000–2009 –0.46%, 95% CI –0.66 to –0.27), suicide rates showed an upward trend during the recession (QPC 2009–2011 2.37%, 95% CI –0.22 to 5.04). Recession-related rises in suicide were found in men aged 45–54 years, those who were unemployed or had a diagnosis of substance dependence/misuse. Between 2012 and 2016 there was a decrease in suicide in male patients despite an increasing number of patients treated. No significant recession-related trends were found in women.ConclusionsRecession-associated increases in suicide were seen in male mental health patients as well as the male general population, with those in mid-life at particular risk. Support and targeted interventions for patients with financial difficulties may help reduce the risk at times of economic hardship. Factors such as drug and alcohol misuse also need to be considered. Recent decreases in suicide may be related to an improved economic context or better mental healthcare.Declaration of interestN.K. is supported by Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust. L.A. chairs the National Suicide Prevention Strategy Advisory Group at the Department of Health (of which N.K. is also a member) and is a non-executive Director for the Care Quality Commission. N.K. chairs the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) depression in adults guideline and was a topic expert member for the NICE suicide prevention guideline.

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64 Background: The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates 352,830 cancer survivors in WA State today. We had a group of avid stakeholders in the WA CARES About Cancer Partnership wanting to address survivorship issues. The challenge was how to work together to focus on improving the quality of life beyond treatment, recognizing that no single organization has the ability to solve the issues alone. Individual organizations were going their own way creating a duplication of effort. What would it look like if we aligned resources? We had influential champions, grant funds, and a true sense of urgency for change. Methods: We turned to FSG and their research on collective impact. Phase 1 of a collective impact approach was completed. We formed a cross-sector group, mapped the cancer survivorship landscape utilizing state cancer registry data, ACS Survivorship Report and local facility input. In Phase 2 a common agenda was agreed upon. Shared measurements of success for Survivorship Care Plans (SCP) were set. Mutually reinforcing activities were developed in an action plan. Methods and frequency of communication were decided. WA Dept. of Health (DOH) was designated as the hub organization. Results: DOH provides adaptive leadership skills and the ability to mobilize people without imposing an agenda or taking credit for success. We hosted a GW Cancer Institute Executive Training on Survivorship, June 2015. We held a 2 day planning retreat to develop a common agenda and action plan, Dec. 2015. Developed and deployed survey for CoC accredited hospitals to create a baseline for SCP utilization and challenges, Feb. 2016. In May 2016 we hosted 1 day retreat for the leadership team to finalize its action plan and added a second priority to launch a pilot in Yakima County to partner with 2-1-1 to provide resources to survivors. We have moved from having uncoordinated plans to embracing a centralized system. Conclusions: We recognize the need to identify and catalog previously unnoticed resources and make them available statewide; perform ongoing evaluations to elicit feedback for decision making; and, the need for further study to determine if tailored SCP and 211 resources improve patient/provider survivorship experience and attain financial sustainability.

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The paper analyzes the state of play in the negotiations and the challenges facing meaningful services trade liberalization in the Doha Round. In tracing the treatment of services in the WTO, the reasons are examined for the success of the 1997 financial and telecommunications services negotiations and how those negotiations marked the entry of services companies and associations as advocates for services liberalization in the WTO. High expectations for substantial reductions in barriers to services trade emerged from the 1997 negotiations, but thus far remain unfulfilled. In the Doha Round the quality of offers has been poor and little progress has been made primarily because many WTO Members cannot perceive the economic benefits of trade liberalization. It is argued that this Round’s success is contingent upon the ability of the developed countries to respond to the legitimate concerns of the developing countries. However, too much attention has been given to trying to find a formula for services liberalization and not enough on hard bilateral bargaining. After analyzing various proposals put forth to jumpstart the talks, the paper suggests grouping key WTO Members and identifying “incentives that will motivate those groups.” The countries of greatest interest to the United States can be divided into three groups. Offers in agriculture, temporary entry, and emergency safeguards would appeal to each of these and provide a basis for progress. It is concluded that “a Doha Round that does not contain substantial benefits for services is a Round that will have failed” and will not have industry support if it is to be implemented by the US Congress. J. Robert Vastine is the President of US Coalition of Service Industries (CSI) in Washington, DC. Prior to joining the CSI, he served as President of the Congressional Economic Leadership Institute, a bi-partisan, non-profit foundation that helps educate Congress on issues affecting US economic competitiveness. His extensive Capitol Hill experience includes posts as Staff Director of the Senate Republican Conference, Minority Staff Director of the Senate Committee on Government Affairs; Legislative Director for Senator John H. Chafee of Rhode Island; and Legislative Assistant for Congressman Thomas B. Curtis of Missouri. His Executive Branch experience includes service as Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Trade and Raw Materials Policy and Vice President of the Oversight Board of the Resolution Trust Corporation, which was chaired by Secretaries of the Treasury Brady and Bentsen, and he has had extensive private-sector experience. Vastine is Chairman of the official Industry Trade Advisory Committee for International Trade in Services (ITAC 10), which advises the US Trade Representative. He was a fellow of the Institute of Politics of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and has written a number of articles on US trade policy. Vastine is a graduate of Haverford College and the Johns Hopkins University School for Advanced International Studies.

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A statement by 68 prominent national experts in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, epidemiology, and public health, released at a February 4, 1992, press conference in Washington, D.C., charged that the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has misled and confused the public by repeated claims of winning the war against cancer. In fact, age-standardized incidence rates have escalated to epidemic proportions over recent decades, while the ability to treat and cure most cancers has not materially improved. Furthermore, the NCI has minimized evidence for increasing cancer rates, which are largely attributed to smoking, trivializing the importance of occupational carcinogens as non-smoking attributable causes of lung and other cancers, and to diet per se, in spite of tenuous and inconsistent evidence and ignoring the important role of carcinogenic dietary contaminants. Reflecting this near exclusionary blame-the-victim theory of cancer causation, with lockstep support from the American Cancer Society and industry, the NCI discounts the role of avoidable involuntary exposures to industrial carcinogens in air, water, food, the home, and the workplace. The NCI has also failed to provide any scientific guidance to Congress and regulatory agencies on fundament principles of carcinogenesis and epidemiology, and on the critical needs to reduce avoidable exposures to environmental and occupational carcinogens. Analysis of the $2 billion NCI budget, in spite of fiscal and semantic manipulation, reveals minimal allocations for research on primary cancer prevention, and for occupational cancer, which receives only $19 million annually, 1 percent of NCI's total budget. Problems of professional mindsets in the NCI leadership, fixation on diagnosis, treatment, and basic research, much of questionable relevance, and the neglect of cancer prevention, are exemplified by the composition of the National Cancer Advisory Board. Contrary to the explicit mandate of the National Cancer Act, the Board is devoid of members authoritative in occupational and environmental carcinogenesis. These problems are further compounded by institutionalized conflicts of interest reflected in the composition of past executive President's Cancer Panels, and of the current Board of Overseers of the Sloan-Kettering Memorial Cancer Center, the NCI's prototype comprehensive cancer center, with their closely interlocking financial interests with the cancer drug and other industries. Drastic reforms of NCI policies and priorities are long overdue. Implementation of such reforms is, however, unlikely in the absence of further support from industrial medicine professionals, besides action by Congress and concerned citizen groups.

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Abstract The article defines the priorities, principles and main provisions of national forest policy of Ukraine towards European integration. The main objectives and structure of the mechanism of transformation of ecological and economic relations in the forest sector of Ukraine is grounded. The main tasks of transformation of ecological and economic relations in the forest sector should be decentralization of the management system, budget savings and sustainability, sustainable development and ecological security, development of public and private partnership, and welfare of local communities. It justifies priority directions of transformation, which include the system of distribution of powers between central, regional and local levels, the financing system and fiscal regulation in the forest sector, powers and subordination of the organs of ecological control, the organizational forms of companies and associations, the institutionalization of communal and private ownership of forests. Necessary organizational and economic framework for their implementation should ensure the economic mechanisms of transformation of the system of state management of economic processes, financial-credit and fiscal regulation, economic incentives of the deep environmentally friendly forest products, integration of businesses and innovative and investment development of the forest sector, the Institute of ownership of forest land, the property rights of forest users and local communities. The structure of transformation mechanism of ecological and economic relations in the forest sector is developed. It will allow the use of modern economic methods (de-monopolization and transparent competition on the timber market; economic incentives for deep wood processing; the transition to the new organizational forms of integration of economic entities; the empowerment of local communities and their executive bodies) and the instruments (preferential loans; target financing of large-scale projects at the national level; environmental insurance; transfer pricing; export and import duties; the state order; the state guarantees and subsidies), and to form an effective organizational forms of business entities in the forest sector. It is concluded that transformation processes should apply to all spheres of economic activities in the forest sector, especially in the following areas: increased powers of the management bodies of the forest sector at the regional and local levels; simplification of procedures for land allocation by local governments to provide additional reforestation; coordination between the organs of ecological control and forest management to strengthen the relationship between the real state of forestry and the system of rational use of forest resources; the introduction of modern forms of enterprise and associations of enterprises at different stages of the reproductive process.

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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this paper is as follows: to structure the impact investing phenomenon and distinguish it from traditional investing or philanthropy, including the motivation of investors in impact investing projects; to analyse stakeholders in impact investing projects according to four main categories; to structure the implementation model of the theory of change in the context of impact investing; to build managerial decisions concerning the development of impact investing projects in crisis situations. Case overview/synopsis The case describes the development path of the Promprylad.Renovation project from its concept to the critical moment at the end of 2018. Yuriy Fyliuk – the case protagonist, acts as the main ideologist and leader of the project, the essence of which is the establishment of an innovation centre on the area of the old Promprylad plant in Ivano-Frankivsk. Impact investing was selected as the main project development tool, as it allows for attracting investors who share the aspiration for positive change of the city and potential financial benefit. The project is implemented in several stages as follows: partner involvement (Insha Osvita, MitOst, Pact Ukraine and LvBS), vision finalisation and research (together with Stanford Research Institute, Zotov & Co, FORMA Architects, Moris Group, etc.), the launch of the pilot floor (attracting more than $683,000 from allocated grants and more than $590,000 of private investments). Open equity crowdfunding and the purchase of the entire plant, with its subsequent renovation, should be the next stage. As of 2017, agreements have been reached to pay fully for the purchase of the plant by the end of 2019. After a successful pilot and lengthy negotiations, it was agreed that $1,000,000 should be paid by the end of 2018 and $2,000,000 by the end of 2019 to complete the buyout. However, as of the end of 2018, martial law was proclaimed in Ukraine. Hence, considering the risks, a major US investor refuses to contribute. The main dilemma is either to find a suitable solution to complete the buyout of the plant or to stop the project. Complexity academic level This case can be used in the master’s programmes of business schools (MBA, Executive MBA, Entrepreneurship, etc.), as well as in training programmes for public and state sector managers. The case study will be particularly useful for mixed groups with representatives from different sectors of the economy. This case study might be taught in the following disciplines: social entrepreneurship, social investing, leadership and crisis management. The subject of impact investing allows recognition of the benefits of combined cross-sectoral efforts over joint projects. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 7: Management science.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation index. For this, questionnaire survey was conducted to assess the educational value of the library. This study encourages librarians and users to gain confidence in the educational benefits of the library and enables the students and general users to capture and appreciate the educational presence of the library, thereby contributing to the increase of activity in libraries. Design/methodology/approach To develop an evaluation index for assessing the educational value of the library, domestic and foreign papers were collectively gathered and analyzed to develop a preliminary evaluation index. Next, ten experts were selected and the three-step Delphi method was used to develop a final evaluation index. Questionnaires were developed based on the final evaluation index, and librarians and users of 100 public libraries were asked to assess educational values of their respective libraries. In Korea, there are 978 public libraries (as of 2015), and in this study, 10% of the public libraries were selected. To select the libraries, every tenth library was chosen from the data of the national library statistics system. Findings By presenting the educational value of the library, this study encourages libraries to improve their services and increases library usage. The educational value has been divided into five evaluation areas of literacy improvement; learning and educational support; research support and information resources provision; improvement of the quality of educational environment and education; and strengthening of competency. The strengthening of competency evaluation areas were the highest at 3.87, and those of research support and the information resources provision were the lowest at 3.63. Statistical analysis comparing responses by social status, gender, age and number of visits revealed that the majority (23 of 39) of significant differences found occurred between librarians and users. Practical implications The evaluation indicator developed in this research is expected to be a basic tool that can be applied to public libraries as well as other types of libraries. In addition, the evaluation indicator developed in this research can be applied to nonprofit organizations and this research is expected to have an educational impact as a study that evaluates and presents the educational values of libraries. In addition, because the research was conducted in a personal context, the questionnaire survey was administered in 100 libraries with limitations among the public libraries nationwide. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the educational value of libraries of other kinds such as university libraries, school libraries and specialized libraries, using the indicator developed in this research. Social implications The biggest feat the present study achieved is the development of the evaluating indicator of the educational value of libraries. As examined in previous researches, the studies on the value of libraries are partly being executed but such studies tend to be mostly ones about such an institute’s economic merits. However, a library is not evaluated only by its financial significance but by its cultural, social and educational prominence. The present research can be extremely meaningful in that within it, the authors endeavor to estimate a library’s educational value, considering the countless papers mentioning the value of similar establishments within and outside Korea, and based on such data produce an indicator to evaluate the educational value of such institutes. Also, in the present research, it is noteworthy that the developed indicator is verified while at the same time the authors apply it in real life to estimate the educational value of such a hub for books. For such an application, the authors conducted a survey on 100 Korean public libraries, amounting to 10% of all the libraries in Korea, and the research is meaningful in that it even compared and analyzed the common notions of the librarians and users. Finally, the educational value of libraries is proven through such a process. It can be seen that the users evaluate that a library contributes to the improvement of literacy on the part of the user, and by supporting studies, education, research and academic activities adds to the user’s reading ability, character and creativity. To recount the specifics, it can be seen that they think that such an establishment heightens reading ability and results, contributes to continuing education and improves emotional stability. Such a research result is seen to be of particular use for the executive team of a library while they secure the budget or plan services to better user satisfaction with the value judgment of libraries at its basis. Originality/value There is very little research conducted on the educational influence or value of the library, although they are referred to in part when overall value of the library is discussed. Therefore, research that focuses on the educational value of the library is needed. In this respect, this research is meaningful; the evaluation index developed in this research is a basic tool that can be applied to all public libraries as well as other types of libraries. Furthermore, the evaluation index developed in this study may also be applied to nonprofit organizations, such as libraries, and will likely have a social impact as research that evaluates and presents the educational value of the library.

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The government is attempting to obtain the access of Early Childhood Education pro- grams providing educational assistance. Unfortunately, the government has spent funds to calculate the unit costs that should not occur in the real world of education. In consequence, the aims of this study are to (1) calculate the amount of operational unit costs for Early Childhood Education pro- grams, and (2) enumerate variations and projections of the amount of the operational unit costs in Early Childhood Education programs by region category. This study uses quantitative data with pop- ulation of all Early Childhood Education institutions in Indonesia. The unit of analysis of this re- search is Early Childhood Education institutions consisting of kindergarten, Playgroup, Daycare, and ECCD units. The findings are that the highest operating unit cost is in TPA because there is a full day of service. Next is a Kindergarten institution because at this institution already has a special curriculum to prepare the child proceed to the level of basic education. Then the unit cost is the highest area in the eastern region. Recommendation in determining the amount of financial assistance it is necessary to consider the amount of operational unit costs so that the purpose of providing fi- nancial assistance is to improve access and quality can be achieved. Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Operational Unit Cost, Fund Aid Reference Afmansyah, T. H. (2019). Efektifitas Dan Efisiensi Pembiayaan Pendidikan. INA-Rxiv Paper. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/5ysw4 Akdon. (2015). Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Aos, S., & Pennucci, A. (2013). K–12 CLASS SIZE REDUCTIONS AND STUDENT OUTCOMES: A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE AND BENEFIT–COST ANALYSIS. Washington State Institute for Public Policy, (13), 1–12. Azhari, U. L., & Kurniady, D. A. (2016). Manajemen Pembiayaan Pendidikan, Fasilitas Pembelajaran, Dan Mutu Sekolah. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan, 23(2). Belsky, J., Steinberg, L., & Draper, P. (1991). Childhood experience, interpersonal development, and reproductive strategy: An evolutionary theory of socialization. Child Development, 62(4), 647. Bijanto. (2018). Mengakreditasi PAUD dan PNF. Retrieved from https://banpaudpnf.kemdikbud.go.id/berita/mengakreditasi-paud-dan-pnf Brinkman, S. A., Hasan, A., Jung, H., Kinnell, A., Nakajima, N., & Pradhan, M. (2017). The role of preschool quality in promoting child development: evidence from rural Indonesia*. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(4), 483–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2017.1331062 Campbell-Barr, V. (2019). Interpretations of child centred practice in early childhood education and care. Compare, 49(2), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2017.1401452 Chandrawaty, Ndari, S. S., Mujtaba, I., & Ananto, M. C. (2019). Children’s Outdoor Activities and Parenting Style in Children’s Social Skill. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 13(November), 217–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.132.02 Chrystiana, N., & Alip, M. (2014). Komponen Biaya Dan Biaya Satuan Operasi Pendidikan Taman Kanak-Kanak (Studi Kasus Di 3 Taman Kanak-Kanak). Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 2(1), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.21831/amp.v2i1.2410 Denboba, A., Hasan, A., & Wodon, Q. (2015). Early Childhood Education and Development in Indonesia. In World Bank http://ideas.repec.org/b/wbk/wbpubs/22376.html Publications. Retrieved from Firdaus, N. M., & Ansori, A. (2019). Optimizing Management of Early Childhood Education in Community Empowerment. Journal of Nonformal Education, 5(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.15294/jne.v5i1.18532 Harris, D. N. (2009). Toward policy-relevant benchmarks for interpreting effect sizes: Combining effects with costs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 31(1), 3–29. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373708327524 Hasan, A., Jung, H., Kinnell, A., Maika, A., Nakajima, N., & Pradhan, M. (2019). Built to Last Sustainability of Early Childhood Education Services in Rural Indonesia. Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. Heckman, J. J., Moon, S. H., Pinto, R., Savelyev, P. A., & Yavitz, A. (2010). The rate of return to the HighScope Perry Preschool Program. Journal of Public Economics, 94(1–2), 114– 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.11.001 Hollands, F., Bowden, A. B., Belfield, C., Levin, H. M., Cheng, H., Shand, R., ... Hanisch-Cerda, B. (2014). Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Practice: Interventions to Improve High School Completion. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 36(3), 307–326. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373713511850 Howard, S. J., & Melhuish, E. (2017). An Early Years Toolbox for Assessing Early Executive Function, Language, Self-Regulation, and Social Development: Validity, Reliability, and Preliminary Norms. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 35(3), 255–275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282916633009 Institute of Medicine (Author), National Research Council (Author), Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education (Author), and Families Board on Children, Youth (Author), C. on S. B.-C. M. for the E. of E. C. I. (Author). (2009). Strengthening Benefit-Cost Analysis for Early Childhood Interventions: Workshop Summary (A. Beatty, Ed.). Washington DC: National Academies Press. Keith, R. s. (2018). The Cost of Inequality: The Importance Of Investing In High Quality Early Childhood Education Programs (University of Colorado Springs; V ol. 53). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004 Lamy, C. E. (2014). American Children in Chronic Poverty: Complex Risks, Benefit-Cost Analyses, and Untangling the Knot. United Kingdom: Lexington Books; Reprint edition. Levin, by H. M., McEwan, P. J., Belfield, C. R., Bowden, A. B., & Shand, R. D. (2017). Economic Evaluation in Education: Cost-Effectiveness and Benefit-Cost Analysis (Third Edit). California: Sage Publication. Levin, H. (2001). Waiting for godot: Cost-effectiveness analysis in education. New Directions for Evaluation, 2001(90), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.12 Lovchinov, V. A., Mädge, H., & Christensen, A. N. (1984). On the thermodynamic properties of Vnx. In Materials Letters (Vol. 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-577X(84)90080-6 Mujahidun. (2016). Pmerataan Pendidikan Anak Bangsa: Pendidikan Gratis Versus Kapitalisme Pendidikan. Tarbiyatuna, 7(1), 38–52. Nakajima, N., Hasan, A., Jung, H., Brinkman, S., Pradhan, M., & Angela Kinnel. (2016). Investing in school readiness : an analysis of the cost-effectiveness of early childhood education pathways in rural Indonesia. World Bank Research Working Paper, (September), 1–45. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/656521474904442550/Investing-in-school- readiness-an-analysis-of-the-cost-effectiveness-of-early-childhood-education-pathways-in- rural-Indonesia Pidarta, M. (2013). Landasan Kependidikan Stimulus Ilmu Pendidikan Bercorak Indonesia. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. SISDIKNAS, U. (2003). Undang-undang Sisdiknas No 20 Tahun 2003. (1). Suyadi, S. (2017). Perencanaan dan Asesmen Perkembangan Pada Anak Usia Dini. Golden Age: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini, 1(1), 65–74. Retrieved from http://ejournal.uin-suka.ac.id/tarbiyah/index.php/goldenage/article/view/1251 Tedjawati, J. M. (2013). Pendanaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 19(3), 346. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v19i3.294 UNESCO. (2013). Why every child deserves a quality education. 1–16. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000223826 West, A., & Noden, P. (2019). ‘Nationalising’ and Transforming the Public Funding of Early Years Education (and care) in England 1996–2017. British Journal of Educational Studies, 67(2), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2018.1478058 West, A., Roberts, J., & Noden, P. (2010). Funding Early Years Education And Care: Can A Mixed Economy Of Providers Deliver Universal High Quality Provision? British Journal of Educational Studies, 58(2), 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071000903520850

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The text analyses three versions of “Programa Universidades e Institutos Empreendedores e Inovadores - Future-se”, presented by the Brazilian federal government. The proposition has been targeted by intense criticism, triggering an ample process of mobiliation and rejection by the deliberative organs of the Higher education federal institutions. The methodological procedures were guided by bibliographical revision and documental analysis with a qualitative nature approach. In the analysis, it was identified that, beyond the privatizing character, when proposing self-financing instruments via market resources captation, the program attacks university autonomy, even interfering with the courses formative profile. Entrepreneurship and employability actions, by the proposition, shall guide academic management of graduation and post-graduation courses. The managerialist logic, based in contracts and result indicators, in exchange of special benefits concession, imputes restrictions to the university makings. Despite the grave crisis of economical, political and sanitary order battled in the country, the government sent the Future-se law project to the House of Representatives and it is going to join to the group of measures of dismantlement of the State, idealized by Paulo Guedes. The results point that an agressive process of universitary counter-reform of which the centrality is the public financing dismantlement and the emptying of university autonomy is in order.ResumoO texto analisa as três versões do “Programa Universidades e Institutos Empreendedores e Inovadores - Future-se”, apresentado pelo governo federal brasileiro. A proposta tem sido alvo de intensas críticas, desencadeando um amplo processo de mobilização e rejeição pelos órgãos deliberativos das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior. Os procedimentos metodológicos pautaram-se por revisão bibliográfica e análises documentais com abordagem de natureza qualitativa. Na análise feita identificou-se que, além do caráter privatizante, ao propor instrumentos de autofinanciamento via captação de recursos no mercado, o programa ataca a autonomia universitária, com interferência inclusive no perfil formativo dos cursos. Ações de empreendedorismo e empregabilidade, pela proposta, devem nortear a gestão acadêmica dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação. A lógica gerencialista, pautada em contratos e indicadores de resultado, em troca da concessão de benefícios especiais imputa restrições ao fazer universitário. A despeito da grave crise de ordem econômica, política e sanitária enfrentada no país, o governo encaminhou o projeto de lei do Future-se à Câmara de Deputados e se juntará ao conjunto de medidas de desmonte do Estado, idealizada por Paulo Guedes. Os resultados apontam que está em curso um agressivo processo de contrarreforma universitária cuja centralidade é o desmonte do financiamento público e o esvaziamento da autonomia universitária.Palavras-chave: Future-se, Autonomia, Financiamento, Contrarreforma.Keywords: Future-se, Autonomy, Financing, Counter-reform.ReferencesBASTOS, Pedro Paulo Zahluth. Financeirização, crise, educação: considerações preliminares. Texto para discussão. IE/UNICAMP, Campinas, n.2017 mar. 2013.BRASIL. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Disponível em http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm. Acesso em 20/04/2020.BRASIL. Emenda Constitucional n. 95, de 15 de dezembro de 2016. Altera o Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias, para instituir o Novo Regime Fiscal, e dá outras providências. Disponível em: www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/Emendas/Emc/emc95.htm. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2019.BRASIL. CAPES. GEOCAPES – Sistema de Informações Georreferenciadas da CAPES. 2018. Disponível em: https://geocapes.capes.gov.br/geocapes/ Acesso em 20/03/2020.BRASIL. PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA. Lei nº 13.800 de 04 de janeiro de 2019a. Autoriza a administração pública a firmar instrumentos de parceria e termos de execução de programas, projetos e demais finalidades de interesse público com organizações gestoras de fundos patrimoniais; altera as Leis nº s 9.249 e 9.250, de 26 de dezembro de 1995, 9.532, de 10 de dezembro de 1997, e 12.114 de 9 de dezembro de 2009; e dá outras providências. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2019-2022/2019/Lei/L13800.htm. Acesso em 10 de jan 2020.BRASIL. PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA. Decreto n° 9.725 de 12 de março de 2019b. Extingue cargos em comissão e funções de confiança e limita a ocupação, a concessão ou a utilização de gratificações. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2019/decreto/D9725.htm Acesso em 16 de abril 2020.BRASIL. PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA. Decreto n° 9.739 de 12 de março de 2019c. Estabelece medidas de eficiência organizacional para o aprimoramento da administração pública federal direta, autárquica e fundacional, estabelece normas sobre concursos públicos e dispõe sobre o Sistema de Organização e InovaçãoBRASIL. PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA. Decreto n° 9.741 de 29 de março de 2019d. Altera o Decreto n o 9.711, de 15 de fevereiro de 2019, que dispõe sobre a programação orçamentária e financeira, estabelece o cronograma mensal de desembolso do Poder Executivo federal para o exercício de 2019 e dá outras providências. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2019/decreto/D9711.htm Acesso em 16 de abril 2020.BRASIL. MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO. Portaria n° 1469 de 22 de agosto de 2019e. Fica estabelecido que os secretários da Secretaria de Educação Superior – SESU e da Secretaria de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica – SETEC divulgarão, junto às Instituições Federais de Ensino vinculadas ao Ministério da Educação, os limites de provimento de cargos autorizados nos bancos de professor-equivalente e nos quadros de referência de servidores técnico-administrativos em educação para o exercício de 2020. Disponível em: https://anup.org.br/legislacao/104366-2/ Acesso em 04 mar 2020.BRASIL. PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA. Medida Provisória nº 914 de 24 de dezembro de 2019f. Dispõe sobre o processo de escolha de dirigentes das universidades federais, dos institutos federais e do Colégio Pedro II. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2019/Mpv/mpv914.htm Acesso em 04 mar 2020.BRASIL. MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO. Minuta de Projeto de Lei versão do Programa Future-se. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Educação, 19 jul. 2019g. Disponível em: http://estaticog1.globo.com/2019/07/19/programa_futurese_consultapublica.pdf. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2019.BRASIL. MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO. Minuta de Projeto de Lei versão do Programa Future-se. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Educação, 16 out. 2019h. Disponível em: http://estaticog1.globo.com/2019/10/16/minuta_de_anteprojeto_de_lei__futurese__gt__portaria_1701__16102019.pdf. Acesso em: 26 out. 2019.BRASIL. Proposta de Emenda à Constituição n° 186, de 2019i. Altera o texto permanente da Constituição e o Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias, dispondo sobre medidas permanentes e emergenciais de controle do crescimento das despesas obrigatórias e de reequilíbrio fiscal no âmbito dos Orçamentos Fiscal e da Seguridade Social da União, e dá outras providências. Disponível em: https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/139702. Acesso em 20 mar.2020.BRASIL. Proposta de Emenda à Constituição n° 187, de 2019j. Institui reserva de lei complementar para criar fundos públicos e extingue aqueles que não forem ratificados até o final do segundo exercício financeiro subsequente à promulgação desta Emenda Constitucional, e dá outras providências. Disponível em: https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/139703. Acesso em 20 mar. 2020.BRASIL. Proposta de Emenda à Constituição n° 188, de 2019k. Estabelece medidas de ajuste fiscal aplicáveis ao custeio da máquina pública e outras modificações. Disponível em: https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/atividade/materias/-/materia/139704. Acesso 20 mar 2020. BRASIL. MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO. Minuta do Projeto de Lei versão do Programa Future-se. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Educação. 03 jan. 2020a. Disponível em: http://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/despacho-236403674 . Acesso em 25 fev.2020BRASIL. PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA. Lei n° 13.978 de 17 de janeiro de 2020b. Estima a receita e fixa a despesa da União para o exercício financeiro de 2020. Disponível em: https://www.camara.leg.br/internet/comissao/index/mista/orca/orcamento/or2020/Lei/Lei13978-2020.pdf . Acesso em 04 de mar 2020BRASIL. Projeto de Lei n° 3076, de 2020c. Institui o Programa Universidades e Institutos Empreendedores e Inovadores – Future-se. Disponível em: https://www.camara.leg.br/proposicoesWeb/prop_mostrarintegra;jsessionid=7B8E383B8826C9F071BAAAE5DCF05D09.proposicoesWebExterno1?codteor=1900012&filename=PL+3076/2020. Acesso em 05 jul 2020.INSTITUCIONAL DO GOVERNO FEDERAL - SIORG. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2019-2022/2019/Decreto/D9739.htm Acesso em 16 de abril 2020.CALABREZ, Felipe. O “Plano Mais Brasil” para eliminar direitos. Instituto Humanitas Unisinos on line. RS,novembro de 2019. Disponível em: (https://outraspalavras.net/outrasmidias/o-plano-mais-brasil-para-sujeitar-direitos-ao-mercado) Acesso em: (10 abril 2020).CHAVES, Vera Lúcia Jacob. Expansão da privatização/mercantilização do ensino superior brasileiro: a formação dos oligopólios. Educação & Sociedade, São Paulo nº 31,111, 481-500, 2010DARDOT, Pierre. LAVAL, Christian. A nova razão do mundo: ensaio sobre a sociedade neoliberal. Tradução Mariana Echalar – 1ª Ed – São Paulo: Boitempo, 2016.GRELLO, Fabíola. B. NUPES: Protagonista das políticas para a educação superior no Brasil? (1989-2005).2008.158f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) -, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2008.KATO. Fabíola B. G. A nova Política de financiamento de pesquisas: reforma no Estado e no novo papel do CNPq. 2013. 172f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 2013.MEC cria grupo de juristas para analisar propostas do Future-se. G1 EDUCAÇÃO, outubro de 2019. Disponível em: (https://g1.globo.com/educacao/noticia/2019/10/02/mec-cria-grupo-de-juristas-para-analisar-propostas-ao-future-se.ghtml), Acesso em: (30 de outubro de 2019).LEHER, Roberto. Autonomia Universitária e Liberdade Acadêmica. Revista Contemporânea de Educação, v. 14, n. 29, jan/abr. 2019a Disponível em:( http://dx.doi.org/10.20500/rce.v14i29.23167). (Acesso em: 31 de mar. 2019).LEHER, Roberto. Future-se indica a refuncionalização das universidades e institutos federais. Le Mond Diplomatique Brasil, acervo online, agosto de 2019b. Disponível em:( https://diplomatique.org.br/future-se-indica-a-refuncionalizacao-das-universidades-e-institutos-federais/) . Acesso: (17 fev 2020.)LEHER, Roberto. Diferença de versões do Future-se, o DNA liberal, expresso em contrato de gestão, define a nova versão apresentada em 16/10. CARTA MAIOR, outubro de 2019c. Disponível em: (https://www.cartamaior.com.br/?/Editoria/Educacao/Diferenca-de-versoes-do-Future-Se/54/45589). Acesso em: (10 mar. 2020).LEHER, Roberto. Future-se e a supressão da autonomia universitária. Portal FEPESP, São Paulo, fevereiro de 2020a. Disponível em:( http://fepesp.org.br/artigo/future-se-e-a-supressao-da-autonomia-universitaria-por-roberto-leher/ )Acesso em: (05 mar 2020).LEHER, Roberto. Esboço da análise do Projeto de Lei do Future-se. Le Mond Diplomatique Brasil, Brasil, junho de 2020b. Disponível em: ( https://diplomatique.org.br/projeto-de-lei-do-future-se/.) Acesso em: ( 12 jul 2020).SPALDING, Erika. Os fundos patrimoniais Endowment no Brasil. 2016, 133f, Dissertação (Mestrado) – Escola de Direito de São Paulo da Fundação Getúlio Vargas.. Disponível em: https://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/bitstream/handle/10438/16554/disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_erika_spalding_vfinal1.pdf). Acesso:( 20 mar2020).SGUISSARDI, Valdemar. Universidade no Brasil: dos modelos clássicos aos modelos de ocasião? In; SGUISSARDI, V. Universidade Brasileira no Século XXI: Desafios do Presente. São Paulo: Cortez, 2009, pp. 285-309.SGUISSARDI, Valdemar; SILVA JUNIOR, João dos Reis. Trabalho intensificado nas federais: Pós-Graduação e produtivismo acadêmico. São Paulo: Xamã Editora, 2009.SILVA JUNIOR, João dos Reis. O Núcleo de Estudos sobre ensino superior da versidade de São Paulo: um dos principais atores da reconfiguração da Educação Superior Brasileira? Revista Lusófona de Educação, Portugal v. 04, pp.13-32, 2004.SILVA JUNIOR, Joao dos Reis. The new Brazilian University a busca por resultados comercializáveis: para quem? Bauru, SP: Canal 6 editora, 2017.PALHARINI. Francisco de Assis. Caderno NUPES: o novo protagonista na reformulação teórica da política para a educação superior. In: MOROSINI, Marília; SGUISSARDI, Valdemar. A educação Superior em Periódicos Nacionais. Espírito Santo, FCCA/CNPq, 1998.PEREIRA, Elisabete Monteiro de Aguiar. A universidade da modernidade em tempos atuais. Avaliação. Campinas; Sorocaba-SP. v.14, n.1, p.29-52, mar.2009.e4543137

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Abstract Background: The Slit-Robo pathway has been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of several malignant diseases in addition to its physiologic role during the development of the central nervous system (CNS). However, the relevance of the Slit-Robo pathway in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is presently unknown. We investigated the status of the Slit-Robo pathway in APL following the recent demonstration by Amodeo et al (CellRep. 2017) that the PML protein induces neural stem/progenitor cells migration by inhibiting the SLIT2 gene, which was associated with an increased presence of H3K27me3 in the SLIT2 promotor region. Moreover, sensitivity towards the PML-targeting drug arsenic trioxide in primary glioblastoma cells was shown to be regulated by the PML/SLIT axis. Aims: Here, we quantified SLIT2 transcript levels in bone marrow (BM) samples from APL patients and healthy subjects and determined whether they are associated with clinical and laboratory features at diagnosis and treatment outcomes. In addition, we evaluated the effect of increased SLIT2 protein on leukemic cell survival, proliferation and clonogenecity. Methods: Cell cycle distribution, proliferation index (Ki-67/proliferation curve), colony formation and rate of apoptotic cells (annexin V/PI) were evaluated in both APL cell lines NB4 (ATRA-sensitive), NB4R2 (ATRA- resistant) and four primary APL samples following the treatment with the human recombinant SLIT2 protein (50 ng/ml) for 24 to 72 hours. In addition, 88 patients (age, 18-73y) with newly diagnosed APL enrolled in the International Consortium on Acute Leukemia (ICAL) study - ICAPL2006 were included. For comparison, BM mononuclear cells from five healthy volunteers (age, 18-60y) were also included. SLIT2 transcripts was determined by qPCR and expressed as comparative Ct method. Patients were dichotomized into "low" and "high" SLIT2 expression groups using a cut off value of 1.53 based on survival receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the C index analyses. The following parameters were used to evaluate treatment outcome: complete hematological remission (CHR); 5-year Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and 5-year Overall Survival (OS) rates. Results: At the end of the sixth day, in vitro treatment with SLIT2 significantly reduced the proliferation rate (P=.01) and clonogenicity (P=.01) in primary APL samples, while significantly increasing the apoptotic rate after 72 hours treatment with SLIT2 (P=.03). In accordance, SLIT2 treatment decreased cell proliferation and clonogenicity (all P<.01) and increased the drug-induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner in NB4 and NB4R2 cells (P<.01). Cell cycle analysis revealed that the cell cycle was arrested in the S-phase (P=.001) with a reduction of the G2/M phase (P=.001) in NB4 after 72 hours of treatment but no such impact was observed on NB4R2. In the clinical setting, patients with APL had a higher-than-normal expression of SLIT2 (6.7-fold higher than BMMC; P=.01). Baseline characteristics were similar between patients with low and high SLIT2 levels, except for a higher white blood cell count in patients with low SLIT2 expression (P=.024). Overall, 80/94 (85%) patients achieved complete hematological remission (CR). SLIT2 transcript levels had no impact on CR rate (P=.099). The estimated 5y DFS and the CIR rates were 87% (95% CI: 80-92%) and 12% (95% CI: 7-17%), respectively. Patients with low SLIT2 expression presented a lower 5y DFS rate (79%, 95% CI: 48-92%) than those with high SLIT2 expression (96%, 95% CI: 64-97%) (P=.026). In addition, patients with low SLIT2 expression exhibited an enhanced CIR rate compared to high SLIT2 expression (21% vs 11%) (P=.03). With a median follow up of 32 months (1-101 months), the estimated 5y OS rate was 79% (95% CI: 72-84%). Patients with lower SLIT2 expression had a lower 5y OS rate (68%, 95% CI: 45-83%) compared to those with higher SLIT2 expression (84%, 95% CI: 73-91%) (P=.008). This result was consistent with the multivariable proportional hazards analysis (HR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03; P=.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that SLIT2 transcript levels may predict outcomes in APL patients treated with ATRA and anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Our data show that SLIT2 treatment represses APL cell growth, colony formation and induces apoptosis in vitro and we are currently assessing the role of the Slit-Robo pathway in the hCG-PML/RARA transgenic mouse model. Disclosures Pagnano: EMS: Other: Financial support for participation in congress; Novartis: Consultancy; Shire: Other: Lecture; Abbvie: Consultancy. Tallman:Daiichi-Sankyo: Other: Advisory board; Cellerant: Research Funding; ADC Therapeutics: Research Funding; AROG: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Orsenix: Other: Advisory board; BioSight: Other: Advisory board. Ganser:Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Lowenberg:Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts, The Netherlands: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Astex: Consultancy; Editorial Board "European Oncology & Haematology": Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; international Scientific Advisory Board, Institute Gustave Roussy, Paris: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Clear Creek Bio Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Editorial Board "The Netherlands Journal of Medicine": Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Elected member, Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts, The Netherlands: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Editorial Board "International Journal of Hematology": Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Supervisory Board, National Comprehensive Cancer Center (IKNL), Netherlands: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Chairman Scientific Committee and Member Executive Committee, European School of Hematology (ESH, Paris, France): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Chairman, Leukemia Cooperative Trial Group HOVON (Netherlands): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; "Up-to-Date", section editor leukemia: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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This issue of Pure Appl. Chem. is devoted to papers based upon invited lectures delivered at the first IUPAC-sponsored Workshop on Advanced Material, "WAM1: Nanostructured Systems", held at the Hong Kong University for Science and Technology (HKUST) on July 14-18, 1999.The Topic Why nanostructured material? Chemists contribute to the well-being of society by exploiting the properties of the elements of the periodic table, or various forms of combination of elements, to make materials that are useful for "better living through chemistry." What happens if we use all the possible combinations that can be made? There remain great demands for developing new materials to improve our lives in fields such as medicine, energy, improving the environment, communication and transportation. Thus, we have to think of new ways to make materials that can be expected to display properties appropriate to the technologies of the new Millennium! The difference in properties of different elements and their derived compounds is a result of differences in the type of motion that their electrons can execute. This, in turn, depends on the space available for the electronic motion and the degree of its confinement. Thus, the difference between a metal, a semiconductor and an insulator is attributable to the electrons being delocalized in the first, more confined in the second and highly confined in the last. Can we physically cut material size sufficiently to change its electronic degree of confinement and thus its properties? We do know that while copper metal is a conductor, the copper atom and small molecular clusters of copper atoms are insulators. What is the size of an elemental assembly of a metal (i.e. the number of atoms in it) at which the metal-semiconductor or the metal-insulator transition occurs? Of course it depends on the length scale of the property measured. For semiconductors and metals, a large change in properties, e.g. absorption, emission, and conductivity, occurs on the nanometer length scale. Equally important, the property becomes very sensitive to the size of the nanoparticle. It can thus be expected that many variations in these properties should be observed for the same material by simply changing its size. The potential for harnessing these changes of properties in new technological applications is largely responsible for the current appeal of this exciting field. These considerations, along with our personal research interests, convinced me and Professor Joshua Jortner that it would be opportune to adopt this theme for the first IUPAC Workshop on Advanced Material. The publication of the talks given at the Workshop is timely, given the extraordinary rapidity with which new developments are taking place in the field. This collection of papers complements other recent publications of reviews on the topic of nanostructures, since it is more in the nature of a symposium-in-print and offers an assembly of short overviews and research papers which capture the dynamic associated with research at interdisciplinary interfaces, and with the development of attendant synthetic and analytical techniques. The promise of unimagined properties of nanostructured materials and of new-generation applications is an ongoing stimulus for further research, and it is hoped that this publication will contribute to the process, and furnish practitioners with new insights and inspiration. This is truly a multidisciplinary and future-targeted area of scientific research, and one which fully meets the IUPAC vision of 'new directions in chemistry', with its promise of hitherto undefined vistas of opportunity for discovery and exploitation. The WorkshopThe quality of the scientific presentations at this meeting was very high indeed. The strong international representation is in keeping with the spirit of IUPAC as well as the global nature of scientific research. The idea of the meeting was to get scientists active in advanced material from the West to interact strongly with those from the Orient. In this regard, we have succeeded as we achieved representation from seven countries from each side [China (Mainland and Hong Kong), Japan, Korea, Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan from the Orient, and Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Spain, United Kingdom, and USA from the West]. This great accomplishment of getting us all together in such a delightful atmosphere was the result of the wise sponsorship of IUPAC and the great efforts of many people, whom I would like to acknowledge below.Acknowledgements IUPAC: for its wisdom to sponsor workshops in frontier areas of chemical research. We thank the then-IUPAC President, Prof. Joshua Jortner for cochairing the Workshop. We also thank the IUPAC Secretariat, in particular its Executive Director, Dr. John Jost, for his continuous and prompt support and Dr. Fabienne Meyers for creating and editing our web page for the Workshop and for her essential assistance in the production of this special volume. HKUST: for hosting us. We thank Dr. Nai-Teng Yu of the Chemistry Department, whose willingness to help us by accommodating the Workshop in his Department was essential; Dr. Shihe Yang whose continuous hard work and efforts made it possible to follow up the registration process; the local organizers, in particular, Prof. Leroy Chang and Ping Sheng, who supplied us with the list of participants, the names of some invited speakers and the program of a similar meeting held there recently and the Departmental staff, for their help in getting the arrangements of this workshop finalized. Georgia Tech: Dr. Clemens Burda helped in getting the workshop abstracts and putting the workshop material together, Ms. Michele Papsidero, my own secretary, spent many hours of hard work in following the process, from completing the registration list, to reminding contributors to meet different deadlines including sending the abstracts, and finally in typing and collating the whole program for the Workshop. The assistance of the USA Organizing Committee and in particular, Profs. John Zhang and Rob Whetten at Georgia Tech, was extremely useful in finalizing the scientific program. The speakers: I thank both the plenary and invited speakers who accepted our invitation, most without asking for financial support. Without them, we would not have had such an excellent scientific meeting or this valuable volume of Pure Appl. Chem.I wish to thank Professor James Bull, the editor of this special issue, for his hard work in making sure he received the manuscripts in time, for the review process of these manuscripts and for putting the whole volume together. Mostafa A. El-SayedChairman, Organizing CommitteeJulius Brown Professor School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology

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The article examines the essence of the concept of state financial control by considering the concepts of “institute of control” – “agent of institute of control” – “subject / quasi-subject of state financial control”, the functioning of agents of institute of control - the Accounting Chamber of Ukraine and the State Audit Service of Ukraine, and the results of their activities on the use of public finance in the framework of official information. The reports of the agents of institute of control were analyzed and conclusions about the continuation of the negative dynamics of illegal and inappropriate use of public resources were made, the spread of budget and financial violations. disproportions that exist in the system of state financial control are identified and ways to eliminate them are defined. The necessity of improvement of functioning of the bodies and the legal mechanism in the management of state financial control in Ukraine is justified, as well as the need to ensure the creation of a unified system of state financial control that is able to resist abuse and prevent possible loss of budget funds by adopting the Code of state financial control of Ukraine, clearly delimiting the powers of internal and external control that could solve such problems as: legal support of control activities and unification of functions and powers of financial control in the executive branch. It is necessary to expand the contents of the basic principles of control in the Budget Code of Ukraine, clearly defining the object and the subject of control, its principles and types, principles of conducting, which will contribute to the expansion of terminology and basic issues of state financial control.

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Student Executive Board (SEB) is a campus organization which is an executive agency at the level of the University / Institute / College. Constraints experienced by the SEB in determining UKM / HMJ tactical beneficiaries. To be able to assist in making decisions to determine UKM / HMJ beneficiaries needed a tactical decision support system (DSS). The system can use the ELECTRE method and Weighted Product method in the calculation process. The results showed that the proposal with the highest values approaching the highest value of 1 (one) is the proposal of UKM/ HMJ are eligible to receive financial assistance tactical.

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In March 2009, the Fund established a new Framework Administered Account to administer external financial resources for selected Fund activities (the “SFA Instrument”).1 The financing of activities under the terms of the SFA Instrument is implemented through the establishment and operation of a subaccount within the SFA. This paper requests Executive Board approval to establish the Africa Training Institute Subaccount for Selected Fund Activities (the “Subaccount”) under the terms of the SFA Instrument.

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Examines size, risk, and governance in European banking. Discusses bank systemic size and systemic crises; increasing in size and bank default risk—evidence from European bank mergers; the trends and composition of banking risk across Europe; the determinants of European bank exposure to systemic shocks; board monitoring, regulation, and performance in the European banking industry; executive pay and risk-taking in the European banking industry; systemic risk potential and opacity in European banks; and implications for the reregulation of European banking. Hagendorff is Martin Currie Professor in Finance and Investment at the University of Edinburgh. Keasey is Professor of Financial Services, Director of the International Institute of Banking and Financial Services, and Head of the Accounting and Finance Department at the University of Leeds. Vallascas is Associate Professor of Banking and Finance at the University of Leeds.

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Mr M. R. Kipling, F.I.A.: This paper is entitled Governance and Risk Management in United Kingdom Insurance Companies. It is a very timely paper in light of the recent publication of the Turner review which, among other things, covers the governance of UK financial institutions.Mr S. P. Deighton, F.I.A. (introducing the paper): The paper is the first formal output from the Research and Thought Leadership subcommittee of the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Practice Executive Committee (PEC). It may seem odd, therefore, that it contains no original research. There is not an equation in sight, and there is only one token diagram. This is because the most important of its key themes is that there is much more to ERM than complex models and fancy mathematics.There are a number of areas associated with ERM. One of them is understanding the wider governance framework within which an insurance company must operate, and hence the introduction to that subject at the beginning of the paper. The second is how to run the very detailed identification and mitigation of the myriad of small risks across a wide group which is at the other end of the spectrum to the multi-million pound derivative transactions that manage equity risk. Our paper sees this as indistinguishable from the internal control framework that a company needs in order to comply on the governance front.

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Abstract. Implementation of the budget is a very important stage in the realization of government programs that have been organized in the National budget. The implementation sometime found difficulties, including the realization of the budget tends to be low in the early years and accumulated at the end of the year. According to Rusqiayati (2014), ideally the realization of the government's budget follows the "S-curve" which is tends to be stable at the beginning of the year, then increased in the mid and stabilized towards the end of the fiscal year. This research aims to identify factors that causing the accumutaed of budget realization in the end of the year at Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Manado. This study is a qualitative case study. The key informants in this research are officers or employees directly involved in financial management, such as the Budget Authority (KPA), Committing Officer (CO), official signing of Warrant Pay (PPSPM), Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, and Executive Technical Officer ( PTK).The results showed that factors that causing the accumulated of budget realization in the end of the year at Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Manado were budget planning, budget execution, procurement of goods/services, and human resources. Keywords: Accumulation, Budget realization, Thematic Analysis Abstrak Pelaksanaan anggaran merupakan tahap yang sangat peting dalam merealisasikan program dan kegiatan pemerintah yang telah disusun dalam APBN. Dalam pelaksanaan mengalami berbagai kendala, diantaranya realisasi anggaran yang cenderung rendah di awal tahun dan menumpuk di akhir tahun. Menurut Rusqiayati (2014) idealnya, realisasi anggaran pemerintah mengikuti “Kurva S” yaitu cenderung stabil di awal tahun, kemudian meningkat pada pertengahan, dan kembali stabil menjelang akhir tahun anggaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan penumpukan realisasi anggaran di akhir tahun pada Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus. Informan kunci penelitian ini adalah pejabat atau pegawai yang terlibat langsung dalam pengelolaan keuangan, seperti Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (KPA), Pejabat Pembuat Komitmen (PPK), Pejabat Penandatangan Surat Perintah Bayar (PPSPM), Bendahara Pengeluaran, Pembantu Bendahara, dan Pelaksana Teknis Kegiatan (PTK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan penumpukan realisasi anggaran belanja di akhir tahun pada Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manado yaitu perencanaan anggaran, pelaksanaan anggaran, pengadaan barang/jasa, dan sumber daya manusia. Kata Kunci : Penumpukan, Realisasi Anggaran Belanja, Analisis Tematik

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I am happy to report that the 2017 IASA conference at the Ethnological Museum in Berlin, Germany was a great success. The conference theme ‘Integration and Innovation: Bringing Workflows and Formats Together in the Digital Era’ lived up to its name by providing valuable discourse concerning the ongoing developments within sound and audiovisual collections. This conference also marked the transition of the Executive Board as 2017 was an election year, and it is my pleasure to write my first presidential message in the IASA Journal. Joining me, as the other new member on the Executive Board, is Zane Grosa, who has taken the role of vice president of conferences. I would like to take this opportunity to thank Bruce Gordon for his tireless work as vice president of conferences as he leaves the Executive Board. With his coordination and programming, IASA hosted six highly successful conferences in Delhi, Vilnius, Cape Town, Paris, Washington, and Berlin. We owe Bruce a great deal of gratitude for his hard work and we look forward to his continued involvement in IASA. I personally want to thank Ilse Assmann for guiding IASA for the last three years as president. I am extremely grateful that she stays on the Executive Board as past president, as her guidance and mentoring will be valuable to the success and continuity of the organization. Under her leadership, IASA remains financially strong, authoritatively empowered, and forward thinking. I am also grateful for continuing Executive Board members, who stepped up for another term to lead this organization: Judith Gray, Lynn Johnson, Bertram Lyons, Pio Pellizzari, Richard Ranft, and Tommy Sjöberg. Their capable service and commitment to the organization ensures a healthy organization. I would like to talk about three highlighted initiatives that are vital to IASA. The Ambassador Programme was launched at the Berlin conference, which will serve to “increase awareness of IASA and its work, to promote membership, to mentor new and prospective members, and to help build IASA’s profile (https://www.iasa-web.org/ambassador-programme).” We start the program with five Ambassadors: Filip Šír, Czech Republic (Ambassador Programme Coordinator) Gisa Jähnichen, China, Malaysia Judith Opoku-Boateng, Ghana, West Africa Perla Olivia Rodríguez Reséndiz, Mexico and Latin America Maria del Carmen Ordoño Vidaña, Mexico We look forward to their leadership in propelling this program across the globe. Initiated at the Washington Conference and spearheaded by Will Prentice, the Training Taskforce was a yearlong investigation into ways IASA could identify audiovisual training needs and to create recommendations for addressing those needs. Now posted in the Training & Education Committee Forum for members to read (https://www.iasa-web.org/forums/sections-committees-branches/training-and-educational-committee-forum), the final report serves as a framework for future training efforts, which are identified as a priority both in the field of audiovisual preservation and within IASA’s membership. The Diversity Task Force, led by Judith Opoku-Boateng, met in Berlin to explore the notion of diversity within IASA and how it affects the organization. The discussion that was initiated in this meeting continued throughout the conference, as the topic engaged our delegates who demonstrated the value of our collective voices through the quality of the conference programme. I firmly believe that these three initiatives are interrelated and provide the catalyst for IASA’s growth as an organization. We will be using the Ambassador Programme and training opportunities in a coordinated fashion to insure an open and diverse IASA. We preserve sound and audiovisual materials so that all stories can be told. As we work towards that end, I invite you to join us in Accra, Ghana for the 49th IASA Conference, 1–4 October, 2018. The Institute of African Studies (IAS) at the University of Ghana will host what is sure to a be a powerful and memorable conference. Toby Seay IASA President January 2018

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Abstract. It is common to see in organizations that are continually seeking administrative efficiencies that result in cost reduction, especially in times with economic pressures, even in those that can be financially healthy, reduce fixed costs through layoffs, regularly in departments that apparently do not generate income. Information and communications technology project management offices have not been fully accepted as an indispensable part in modern organizations; they must justify their existence by demonstrating that they can improve the performance of a company by modernizing or restructuring operations; they often have difficulty demonstrating their value to other executives; this is a serious problem, so that about half disappear after 2 years of having started; The above can happen even when they have a positive effect on the company; because in many cases, they do not show their benefit correctly (O'Brochta, M 2002).The foregoing also applies to Mexican organizations. However, these offices have arguments with which they can justify their existence. On the other hand; there is a continuing concern of ICT PMOs to measure their own performance, according to the study carried out by doctors Hobbs & Aubry (2007, p. 82) where they conclude that 50% of the cases studied had the function of monitoring and control their own performance.Key words: information and communications technology, international Organization for Standarization, Project Management Book of Knolwedge, Project Management Institute, project management officeJEL: C39, O32.Resumen. Es común ver en las organizaciones que continuamente están buscando eficiencias administrativas que traigan como resultado la reducción de costos, sobre todo en épocas con presiones económicas, aún en aquellas que pueden ser financieramente saludables, realizan disminución de gastos fijos por medio de despidos, regularmente en departamentos que aparentemente no generan ingresos. Las oficinas de administración de proyectos de tecnología de información y comunicaciones no han sido totalmente aceptadas como parte indispensable en las organizaciones modernas; deben justificar por si mismas su existencia demostrando que pueden mejorar el desempeño de una compañía al modernizar o reestructurar las operaciones; a menudo tienen dificultad para demostrar su valor a otros ejecutivos; esto les constituye un serio problema, de tal forma que cerca de la mitad desaparecen después de 2 años de haber iniciado; lo anterior puede ocurrir aún y cuando tengan efecto positivo en la compañía; debido a que en muchos de los casos, no evidencian correctamente su beneficio (O'Brochta, M 2002). Lo anterior también aplica para las organizaciones Mexicanas. Sin embargo, estas oficinas disponen de argumentos con los cuáles pueden justificar su existencia. Por otra parte; existe una continua preocupación de estas oficinas por medir su propia actuación, lo anterior de acuerdo al estudio realizado por los doctores Hobbs & Aubry (2007, p. 82) en donde concluyen que el 50% de los casos estudiados tenían como función monitorear y controlar su propia actuación.Palabras clave: Instituto de Gestión de Proyectos, oficina de administración de proyectos, Organización Internacional de Normalización, PMBOK, tecnología de información y comunicaciones

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In 2014, the then president of South Africa, Mr Jacob Zuma, delivered his State of the Nation Address in Parliament and promised that economic transformation would take centre stage. This promise was made against the backdrop of transformation having stalled and difficulties being experienced in reducing social inequality and poverty. He called on social partners to debate the issue of wage inequality and the possibility of instituting a national minimum wage to reduce income inequalities. He promised that the structure of the economy would be transformed through industrialisation and broad-based black economic empowerment and through strengthening and expanding the role of the state in the economy. However, these commitments have not been kept and remain under threat given the extent of corruption in national government departments and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The revelations in the financial reports of the Public Protector and the Auditor-General on SOEs raise key questions relating to the role of the national government departments and SOEs in driving radical economic transformation. A fundamental and radical change is required if the economy is to be run to the benefit of all poor South Africans, the majority of whom are black people. One possibility is to institute ethical leadership and an executive that is accountable. Twenty-three years into freedom and democracy, and the majority of South Africans, black people in particular, are still economically disempowered. This is a concern given the developmental objectives of government as espoused in its National Development Plan (NDP) 2030. As long as the country continues to battle with the persistent triple challenge of poverty, unemployment and inequality, radical economic transformation remains a pipe dream. Considering the current state of affairs, the objective of radical economic transformation (i.e. to place the economy on a qualitatively different path that ensures more rapid and sustainable growth, higher investment, increased employment, reduced inequality and the deracialisation of the economy) is far-fetched. Any political posture not aimed at giving effect to the NDP, the New Growth Path and the Industrial Policy Action Plan to stimulate growth, employment and the re-industrialisation of the South African economy will not lead to radical economic transformation.